Nathaniel I. Durlach

Positions and Honors

1946-1947 Army Air Force.

1956-1957 Research in Harvard Biology Dept. on the Behavior of Ants.

1954-1963 Research in Radar Division of the MIT Lincoln Lab. (Part-time during 1956-1957).  Studies of radar and bat echolocation systems.

1963-2001 Co-Director of Sensory Communication Group of Research Laboratory of Electronics at MIT. Research on auditory and tactual psychophysics, aids for the deaf, manual sensing and manipulation, and human-machine interfaces for teleoperators and virtual environments. Author or co-author of roughly 120 journal articles in these areas.

Recipient of silver medal award from the Acoustical Society of America.

Supervisor of roughly 60-80 graduate student theses (Ph.D., MS, MEng).

PI of research grants and contracts from NIH, NSF, ONR, AFOSR, DARPA, etc. (funding level roughly 1M between 1990-2000).

Reviewer of articles for professional journals and proposals for governmental funding agencies.

Chair of Committee formed by the National Academy of Sciences to establish a national agenda for R&D on teleoperator and virtual environment systems.

Co-Founder and co-Editor-in-Chief of the MIT Press journal “PRESENCE: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments.”

Co-Founder of Fayerweather Street Elementary School in Cambridge, MA.

Director of or consultant to a number of technology companies concerned with measurement and/or enhancement of human sensorimotor performance.

2001-Present:        Senior Lecturer, Research Laboratory of Electronics, MIT (Senior Scientist in EECS Department prior to retirement at MIT on 5/31/01).

Visiting Scholar, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University.

Selected Publications

Durlach, NI (l963). “Equalization and Cancellation Theory of Binaural Masking-Level Differences,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 35, 1206-1218.

Durlach, NI, and Braida, LD (l969). “Intensity Perception. I. Preliminary Theory of Intensity Resolution,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 46, 372-383.

Durlach, NI, Thompson, CL, and Colburn, HS (1981). “Binaural Interaction in Impaired Listeners -- A Review of Past Research,” Audiology 20, 181-211.

Braida, LD, Lim, JS, Berliner, JE, Durlach, NI, WM Rabinowitz, and Purks, SR (1984). “Intensity Perception XIII: Perceptual Anchor Model of Context Coding,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 76, 722-731.

Durlach, NI, Braida, LD, and Ito, Y (1986). “Towards a Model for the Discrimination of Broadband Stimuli,” J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 80, 63-72.

Durlach, NI, Tan, HZ, Macmillan, NA, and WM Rabinowitz, and Braida LD  (1989). “Resolution in One Dimension with Random Variations in Background Dimensions,” Perception and Psychophysics, 46(3), 293-296.

Durlach, NI (1991). “Auditory Localization in Teleoperator and Virtual Environment Systems:  Ideas, Issues, and Problems,” Perception, 20, 543 - 554.

Durlach, NI, Rigopulos, A, Woods, WS, Kulkarni, A, Colburn, HS, Pang, XD, and Wenzel, EM (1992). “On the Externalization of Auditory Images”, PRESENCE: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, 2, 251-257.

Shinn-Cunningham, BG, Zurek, PM, and Durlach, NI. (1993). “Adjustment and Discrimination Measurements of the Precedence Effect”, J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 93, 2923-2932.

Durlach, NI, Shinn-Cunningham, BG, and Held, RM (1993). “Supernormal Auditory Localization. I. General Background”, PRESENCE 2(2), 88-103.

Shinn-Cunningham, BG, Zurek, PM, Clifton. RK, and Durlach, NI. (1995). "Cross-Frequency Interactions in the Precedence Effect", J. Acoust. Soc. AM.,  98(1), 164-171.

Reed, CM, and Durlach, NI (1998). “Note on Information Transfer Rates in Human Communication,” PRESENCE, 7(5), 509-518.

Shinn-Cunningham, BG, Durlach, NI, and Held, RM (1998). “Adapting to Supernormal Auditory Localization Cues I: Bias  and Resolution.” J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 103(6), 3656-3666.

Shinn-Cunningham, BG, Durlach, NI, and Held, RM (1998). “Adapting to Supernormal Auditory Localization Cues II: Changes in Mean response.” J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 103(6), 3667-3676.

Brungart, DS and Durlach, NI (1999). “Auditory Localization of Nearby Sources II: Localization of a Broadband Source in the Near Field, ” J. Acoust. Soc. Am., 106(4), 1956-1968.

Brungart, DS, WM Rabinowitz, and Durlach, NI (1999). “Evaluation of Response Methods for Near-field Auditory  Localization Experiments”, Perception and Psychophysics, 62(1), 47-63.

DiZio, P, R Held, J Lackner, B Shinn-Cunningham & N Durlach (2001). “Gravitoinertial force magnitude and direction influence head-centric auditory localization,” J Neurophys, 85, 2455-2460.

Durlach, NI, Christine R. Mason, G Kidd, Jr., TL Arbogast, HS Colburn, BG Shinn-Cunningham (2003). “Note on informational masking,” J Acoust Soc Am, 113, 2984-2987.

Durlach, NI, Christine R. Mason, BG Shinn-Cunningham, TL Arbogast, HS Colburn, G Kidd, Jr. (2003). “Informational masking: Countering the effects of stimulus uncertainty by decreasing target-masker similarity,” J Acoust Soc Am, 114, 368-379.

Selected Books and Book Chapters

Durlach, NI (l972). “Binaural Signal Detection:  Equalization and Cancellation Theory,” Chapter 10, volume 2, Foundations of Modern Auditory Theory, Editor: JV Tobias, Academic Press, New York.

Durlach, NI, and Colburn, HS (1978). “Binaural Phenomena,” Chapter 10 in Handbook of Perception, Vol. 4, Carterette and Friedman (Eds.), Academic Press, NY.

Colburn, HS, and Durlach, NI (1978). “Models of Binaural Interaction,” Chapter 11 in Handbook of Perception, Vol. 4, Carterette and Friedman (Eds.), Academic Press, NY.

Colburn, HS, Zurek, PM, and Durlach, NI (1987). “Binaural Directional Hearing - Impairments and Aids,” in Directional Hearing, Yost and Gourevitch (Eds), Springer Verlag, New York.

Braida, LD, and Durlach, NI (1988). “Peripheral and Central Factors in Intensity Perception,” in Auditory Function, Edelman, Gall and Cowan (Eds), John Wiley and Sons, New York.

Durlach, NI,  and Mavor, A (1995). Virtual Reality:  Scientific and Technological Challenges, N.I. Durlach and A. Mavor (Eds),  D.C.:  National Academy of Science Press.

Durlach , NI (2000). “Virtual Reality,” Encyclopedia of Psychology, Alan Kazdin (ed.) Oxford University Press.